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Samuel Willard (April 13, 1748 – March 7, 1801) was an American physician who established the first hospital for mental illness in the USA. ==Early life and career== Samuel Willard, the son of Dr. Nahum Willard of Lancaster, Massachusetts, and a descendant of the famous Major Simon Willard of 17th-century Massachusetts, graduated from Harvard University in 1767. He studied medicine under Dr. Israel Atherton of Lancaster, Massachusetts, setting up practice as a physician in the town of Uxbridge in 1770. As a physician in Uxbridge, Willard was ''particularly distinguished for his treatment of the insane'',〔 establishing an "insane asylum" that he ran at Uxbridge. Known for his "eccentricities",〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher= Manuscript Collection of the Rhode Island Historical Society Library )〕 it was reported that he dunked his mentally ill patients in local ponds. It appears that he was one of the earliest physicians to undertake the treatment of behavioral health problems with immersion in cold water. Dr. Willard's father, Nahum, was a Worcester Loyalist at the beginning of the Revolutionary War. Nahum was later forced to recant and then moved to Uxbridge. Both Samuel and his father drew the suspicions of Uxbridge officials who were concerned about possible Tories in their midst. Samuel proved his loyalties by serving as the Surgeon for the 2nd Worcester County Regiment of Foot (soldiers)when they marched to defend Tiverton, Rhode Island. Dr Willard, along with Reverend Hezekiah Chapman, were leaders of the Worcester County Convention that provided the justification of Daniel Shay's Rebellion.Both Willard and Chapman were listed as fugitives during the conflict but were not know to have been combatants. Willard spent that time in Smithfield, Rhode Island, where attempts to arrest him by the Worcester County sheriff were rebuffed by the local Justices of the Peace.〔Uxbridge Revolutionary War Records, Town Hall.〕 Dr. Samuel Willard of Uxbridge is not to be confused with Rev. Samuel Willard, the minister of Third (Old South) Church in Boston (perhaps originally from Concord, Massachusetts), who opposed the 1692 witchcraft trials. He is also not to be confused with the later Dr. Samuel Willard, a Civil War-era surgeon from Lunenburg, Vermont, who died in Chicago. Willard reportedly held slaves prior to 1783, when Massachusetts became the first state in the US to abolish slavery. Willard also served as the first postmaster in Uxbridge, 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Samuel Willard (physician)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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